Why in News

• Recently, the government has prepared the Draft Indian Ports Bill, 2022.

Major VS Minor Ports

• All the Major Ports are governed under the Major Port Trusts act, 1963 and are owned and managed by the Central Government.
• Exception – Ennore – Companies Act 1956 
• All the Minor Ports are governed under the Indian Port Act, 1908 and are owned and managed by the State Governments. 

NCERT

• Kolkata (Shyamaprasad Mukherjee Port ) – India’s only major Riverine port – Situated on Hugli river(Diamond Harbor) – Natural Harbor- Oldest Operating Port – Gateway to Eastern India 
• Paradip – Natural Harbor – India’s first major port after independence on east coast –Mahanadi
• Vishakhapatnam– Deepest Port of India  – Natural Harbor- Oldest Shipping Yard –Deepest landlocked Port 
• Ennore – India’s First corporatized port- Kamajar Port – First and Only corporatized major port in India – registered as a company 
• Chennai – Artificial Port-– Gateway to southern India 
• Tuticorin – V.O. Chidambaram port – Pearl Fishery
• Kandla Port – Deendayal Port – Natural – Gulf of Kutch 
• Mumbai Port Trust – Natural – Second Oldest Port – India’s Largest port by size – India’s Largest Natural Port 
• Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) – Artificial  – India’s largest container port – largest artificial Port in India 
• Mormagao- Natural Port – Goa  – Estuary of Zuari River 
• New Mangalore – Natural  – Gateway of Karanataka
• Kochi Port – Natural – Sited in the Vembanad lake – Queen of Arabian Sea – Willington Island 

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