Questions from Crash Course
1. Consider the following statements:
- The citizenship act has been amended only twice since 1955.
- Illegal immigrants in India can never apply for citizenship under any clause/act.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
2. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
| Constitutional Amendment |
Provision |
|
First Constitutional Amendment Act |
Provided for saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates. |
|
25th Constitutional Amendment Act |
Provided immunity to laws for implementation of DPSP from all fundamental rights |
| 24th Constitutional Amendment Act |
Made it compulsory for the President to give his assent to a Constitutional Amendment Bill. |
A.Only one is correctly matched
B. Only two are correctly matched
C. Only three are correctly matched
D. None of the above are correctly matched
Questions from Test Series (Polity and Governance )
3. Which of the following is not an effect of Financial Emergency?
A. Extension of the executive authority of the Union over the financial matters of the States.
B. Reservation of all money bills or other financial bills for the consideration of the President after they are passed by the legislature of the State.
C. Direction from the President for the reduction of salaries and allowances of the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
D. None of the above.
4. Which of the following amendments made the satisfaction of the President in invoking Article 356 final and conclusive which would not be challenged in any court on any ground?
A. 36th Amendment Act
B. 38th Amendment Act
C. 42nd Amendment Act
D. 44th Amendment Act
UPSC Previous Year Question 2021
5. With reference to India, consider the following statements:
- When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right.
- State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 Only
B. 2 Only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answers with Explanation
1. Consider the following statements:
- The citizenship act has been amended only twice since 1955.
- Illegal immigrants in India can never apply for citizenship under any clause/act.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: D
Explanation
Article 11
Parliament shall have the power to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship.
- Accordingly, the Parliament has enacted the Citizenship Act, 1955, which has been amended in 1957, 1960, 1985, 1986, 1992, 2003, 2005, 2015 and 2019.
- The Citizenship Act 1955 provides for the acquisition of citizenship in five ways: by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation, and the incorporation of territory.
- After the Assam Accord in 1985, an amendment was made in 1986, which inserted Section 6A, making way for a sixth way.
2. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
| Constitutional Amendment |
Provision |
|
First Constitutional Amendment Act |
Provided for saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates. |
|
25th Constitutional Amendment Act |
Provided immunity to laws for implementation of DPSP from all fundamental rights |
| 24th Constitutional Amendment Act |
Made it compulsory for the President to give his assent to a Constitutional Amendment Bill. |
A.Only one is correctly matched
B. Only two are correctly matched
C. Only three are correctly matched
D. None of the above are correctly matched
Answer: B
Explanation
1st Constitutional Amendment Act 1951
- The Supreme Court agreed to examine a plea challenging the expansion of restrictions to the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression that was made by the first amendment to the Constitution.
- The petitioner, who has challenged the law nearly seven decades after it came into force, argued that the amendment damages the basic structure doctrine.
24th Constitutional Amedment Act 1971
- Affirmed the power of Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution including fundamental rights.
- Made it compulsory for the president to give his assent to a Constitutional Amendment Bill.
25th Constitutional Amendment Act 1971
- Curtailed the fundamental right to property.
- Provided that any law made to give effect to the Directive Principles contained in Article 39 (b) or (c) cannot be challenged on the ground of violation of the rights guaranteed by Articles 14, 19 and 31.
Questions from Test Series (Polity and Governance )
3. Which of the following is not an effect of Financial Emergency?
A. Extension of the executive authority of the Union over the financial matters of the States.
B. Reservation of all money bills or other financial bills for the consideration of the President after they are passed by the legislature of the State.
C. Direction from the President for the reduction of salaries and allowances of the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
D. None of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation
Financial Emergency
- Grounds of declaration: Article 360 empowers the president to proclaim a Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen due to which the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.
- Parliamentary approval and duration: A proclamation declaring financial emergency must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue.
- However, if the proclamation of Financial Emergency is issued at a time when the Lok Sabha has been dissolved or the dissolution of the Lok Sabha takes place during the period of two months without approving the proclamation, then the proclamation survives until 30 days from the first sitting of the Lok Sabha after its reconstitution, provided the Rajya Sabha has in the meantime approved it.
- Once approved by both the houses of Parliament, the Financial Emergency continues indefinitely till it is revoked.
Effects of Financial Emergency
- Extension of the executive authority of the Union over the financial matters of the States.
- Reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in the State.
- Reservation of all money bills or other financial bills for the consideration of the President after they are passed by the legislature of the State.
- Direction from the President for the reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving the Union; and the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
4. Which of the following amendments made the satisfaction of the President in invoking Article 356 final and conclusive which would not be challenged in any court on any ground?
A. 36th Amendment Act
B. 38th Amendment Act
C. 42nd Amendment Act
D. 44th Amendment Act
Answer: B
Explanation
- The 38th Amendment act of 1975 made the satisfaction of the President in invoking Article 356 final and conclusive which would not be challenged in any court on any ground.
- But, this provision was subsequently deleted by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 implying that the satisfaction of the President is not beyond judicial review.
5. With reference to India, consider the following statements:
- When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right.
- State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 Only
B. 2 Only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: B
Explanation
- Statement 1 is incorrect. Parole is a system of releasing a prisoner with suspension of the sentence. Parole cannot be claimed as a matter of right. Parole may be denied to a prisoner even when he makes out sufficient cause for release on parole.
- Parole is to be granted only on a sufficient cause such as cases of severe illness or death of any member of the prisoner’s family. The granting authority for parole is the deputy home secretary of the state government.
- On the other hand, Furlough is seen as a matter of right for a prisoner, to be granted periodically irrespective of any reason. It is granted merely to enable the prisoner to retain family and social ties, and to counter the ill-effects of prolonged time spent in prison.
- Both Parole and Furlough can be denied if the competent authority is of the opinion that releasing the inmate would not be in the interest of society.
- State governments have their own Prisoner Release on Parole Rules. ‘Prisons’ is a State subject under the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.
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