Daily Current Affairs UPSC: News Based MCQs Quiz | 10th September 2025

Answer: (A) Only one

Detailed Explanation

• Tusu Parab – Jharkhand
• Phool Dei – Uttarakhand
• Chapchar Kut – Mizoram
• Tusu Parab (or Tusu Puja) is a traditional winter harvest festival celebrated by tribal communities in Jharkhand, particularly in the Bundu, Tamar, and Raidih areas. The festival honors Tusu, personified as a young girl or a deity, and involves unmarried girls decorating bamboo and paper frames, offering them to rivers, and singing folk songs. It is a post-harvest celebration expressing gratitude for the crops and includes prayers, community gatherings, and local markets.
• Phool Dei is celebrated on the first day of the month of Chaitra in mid March. On this day, young girls conduct most of the ceremonies. In some places this festival is celebrated throughout the month with the advent of spring. During this festival young girls go to all the houses in the muhalla or the village with plates full of rice, jaggery, coconut, green leaves and flowers. They offer their good wishes for the prosperity of the household and are given blessings and presents (sweets, gur, money etc) in return.
• Chapchar Kut is a Mizo festival celebrated in March to mark the beginning of spring. It is considered the most important traditional festival of Mizoram and is celebrated with great pomp and splendour. Chapchar Kut is observed in the period between clearing forests and waiting for them to dry so the community can burn them and begin the Jhum cultivation.
• Chapchar Kut is celebrated in all Mizo villages and is a significant cultural tradition. Each village has its way of celebrating according to its time, idiom, and ethos. The celebrations go on for four to five days. The grandest celebration is in Aizaw where thousands of local residents gather to perform the Cheraw bamboo dance, participate in traditional games and showcase their community spirit.

Answer: (B) Only two

Detailed Explanation

• The FMR came into existence in 1968 as people on either side of the border have familial and ethnic ties. The territorial limit of free movement then was 40 km, which was reduced to 16 km in 2004, and additional regulations were enforced in 2016.
• According to the new guidelines, a resident crossing the border from India to Myanmar will be given a “border pass” by the Assam Rifles for stay up to seven days in the neighbouring country.
• The Assam Rifles is the primary border guarding force along the 1,643-km-long border with Myanmar along the States of Arunachal Pradesh (520 km), Nagaland (215 km), Manipur (398 km) and Mizoram (510 km).
• For entry into India from Myanmar, individuals will have to report at the designated border crossing points and fill a form. The Assam Rifles will conduct the document inspection followed by a security and health check by the State police and health department officials, respectively.
• The Assam Rifles will upload all the forms on the Indo-Myanmar Border portal, record biometrics and issue a border pass with a photograph of the applicant and a QR code. The pass will have to be deposited on return at the same crossing point before completion of seven days.
• The same process will be followed for Indians who want to visit Myanmar.
• The protocol stated that police will do physical checks to verify the visit of Myanmar nationals as per the details provided in the border pass and anyone violating the conditions will face legal action.
• Eight pilot entry and exit points will be made functional immediately on stabilisation of software and deployment of the State police and health representatives.
• Another 14 entry points will be activated on procurement and installation of biometric machines and the remaining 21 points after putting in place requisite infrastructure.

Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Detailed Explanation

• A recombinant chimeric multi-stage vaccine is a vaccine that uses a chimeric (genetically engineered) protein to trigger a strong immune response against multiple stages of a pathogen, such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
• This vaccine is “recombinant” because it uses genetic engineering to produce the protein and “chimeric” because it combines different antigen components (epitopes) from various points in the pathogen’s life cycle. The goal is to provide broad protection by stimulating both B-cell (humoral) and T-cell (cellular) responses against diverse stages of the infection.
• A notable example is AdFalciVax, an indigenous malaria vaccine candidate under development in India.
• A recombinant vaccine uses genetic engineering to produce vaccine antigens, which are specific parts of a pathogen (like a virus or bacterium) that trigger an immune response.
• Instead of using whole or weakened pathogens, recombinant vaccines are made by inserting the gene for a pathogen’s antigen into other cells, such as yeast or bacterial cells. These cells then produce the antigen, which is purified and used as the active ingredient in the vaccine.
• This approach results in a safer vaccine because it only contains specific pieces of the pathogen and cannot cause the disease itself.

Answer: (D) None of the Above

Detailed Explanation

• The main tributaries of the Nile River are the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile originates in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with its journey north beginning at Lake Victoria in Uganda, while the Blue Nile starts at Lake Tana in Ethiopia.
• The two tributaries converge at Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, forming the main Nile River.
• Additionally, the Atbara River is the third significant tributary, joining the Nile downstream of the confluence of the White and Blue Nile rivers.

Answer: (A) 1 only

Detailed Explanation

• The High refractive index of diamond (around 2. 42) causes light to bend significantly as it enters and exits, leading to its brilliance and sparkle, which makes it highly desirable for jewellery. Diamond’s small critical angle also means light undergoes multiple total internal reflections within the stone, further contributing to its characteristic sparkle.
• Diamond’s basic science lies in its unique crystalline structure of pure carbon atoms, formed under extreme heat and pressure deep within the Earth, which gives it extraordinary properties like extreme hardness, high thermal conductivity, and a high refractive index, making it a valuable material for jewellery and industrial cutting tools.
• As a carbon allotrope, its atomic arrangement distinguishes it from graphite, another carbon form, and impurities within the crystal structure can lead to its various colours.