5 MCQs for Prelims-Day 03(75 days Journey)

SCIENCE AND TECH(5 MCQs)

 

 

1. Gold nanoparticles are considered as promising candidates for skin immunization and other therapeutic uses. They can be synthesized by using:

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Algae
4. Plant

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 1,2 and 3 only
3. 3 and 4 only
4. All of the above

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Consider the following statements regarding somatic gene editing therapy :

1. It involve modifying a patient’s DNA to cure a disease caused by a genetic mutation
2. The edited gene is passed on to the future generation.
3. Defective blood cells can be treated by using this technique

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. All of the above

 

 3. Which among the following is/are gene editing technologies: 

1. CRISPR Cas 9 
2. TALEN 
3. Meganucleases 
4. SHANEL

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1,2 and 3 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 2,3 and 4 only
4. 1 and 4 only

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Micropropagation, recently seen in news, is more specifically related to:

1. Tissue culture 
2. Three parent baby
3. Gene editing 
4. Animal Clonning

5 Recently reproductive Ratio seen in news, its value depends upon:  

1. The number of days an infected person remains infectious 
2. The number of susceptible persons available to infect 
3. The chance that a susceptible person gets infected

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 only
4. All of the above

1. Gold nanoparticles are considered as promising candidates for skin immunization and other therapeutic uses. They can be synthesized by using:

1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Algae
4. Plant

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 1, 2 and 3 only
3. 3 and 4 only
4. All of the above

Answer: – D

Gold nanoparticles

• Gold nanoparticles are made up of metallic gold atoms to create a crystal structure of 1-100 nm. 
• Gold nanoparticles have been produced in the laboratory for several decades, and many approaches have since been developed.

Methods

• Chemical method
• Physical method
• Biological method
  • Bacteria
  • Algae
  • Fungi or plants 

are used to reduce gold to its metallic state through various biological processes.

 

 APPLICATIONS

The range of applications for gold nanoparticles is growing rapidly and includes:

• Electronics – Gold nanoparticles are designed for use as conductors from printable inks to electronic chips.
• Photodynamic Therapy – Near-IR absorbing gold nanoparticles (including gold nanoshells and nanorods) produce heat when excited by light at wavelengths from 700 to 800 nm. This enables these nanoparticles to eradicate targeted tumors.
• Therapeutic Agent Delivery – Therapeutic agents can also be coated onto the surface of gold nanoparticles.

More APPLICATIONS:

• Sensors – Gold nanoparticles are used in a variety of sensors. For example, a colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles can identify if foods are suitable for consumption.
• Diagnostics – Gold nanoparticles are also used to detect biomarkers in the diagnosis of heart diseases, cancers, and infectious agents.
• Catalysis – Gold nanoparticles are used as catalysts in a number of chemical reactions.

 

 2. Consider the following statements regarding somatic gene editing therapy :

1. It involves modifying a patient’s DNA to cure a disease caused by a genetic mutation
2. The edited gene is passed on to the future generation.
3. Defective blood cells can be treated by using this technique

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. All of the above

Answer: – C

Somatic Gene Therapy:

• Somatic gene therapies involve modifying a patient’s DNA to treat or cure a disease caused by a genetic mutation. 
• In one clinical trial, for example:
  • Scientists take blood stem cells from a patient
  • Use CRISPR techniques to correct the genetic mutation causing them to produce defective blood cells
  • Infuse the “corrected” cells back into the patient, where they produce healthy hemoglobin. 
  • The treatment changes the patient’s blood cells, but not his or her sperm or eggs.

Germline Human Genome Editing:

• Germline human genome editing, on the other hand, alters the genome of a human embryo at its earliest stages. 
• This may affect every cell, which means it has an impact not only on the person who may result, but possibly on his or her descendants. 
• There are, therefore, substantial restrictions on its use.

3. Which among the following is/are gene editing technologies: 

1. CRISPR Cas 9 
2. TALEN 
3. Meganucleases 
4. SHANEL

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1, 2 and 3 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 2, 3 and 4 only
4. 1 and 4 only

Answer: -A

Gene editing technologies

Other (Just names)

• Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)
• Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs)
• Homing endonucleases or meganucleases.

 

CRISPR-Cas9

• Crispr– scan the genome looking for right location.
• Then Cas9 protein(enzyme) acts as molecular scissor.

 

 

 

 4. Micropropagation, recently seen in news, is more specifically related to:

1. Tissue culture 
2. Three parent baby 
3. Gene editing 
4. Animal Clonning

Answer: – A

Micropropagation 

• It is the 
  • Artificial process of 
    • producing plants vegetatively through 
      • tissue culture or cell culture techniques. 
• In this artificial process of propagation, plants are produced invitro by asexual means of reproduction or by vegetative propagation.

Micropropagation 

• It is, thus, the clonal propagation of plants in closed vessels under aseptic conditions. 
• Inside the vessels, the plants are grown on culture media that contain nutrients and growth regulators, and are described as in vitro, which means ‘in glass’. 
• In contrast, soil-grown plants are described as in vivo.
• Plants that are propagated in vitro are smaller than in vivo plants, hence the term ‘micropropagation’. 
• Rose cultivars are clonally propagated and are, therefore, suitable subjects for micropropagation. 

It is also possible to produce plants from cells and tissues through the formation of adventitious shoots and somatic embryos

 

 

Benefits of Micropropagation 

It would take a great deal of time to produce an equal number of plants using conventional methods.

• The technique of micropropagation provides a good alternative for those plant species that show resistance to practices of conventional bulk propagation.
• Plants in large numbers can be produced in a short period. 
• Large amounts of plants can be maintained in small spaces. This helps to save endangered species and the storage of germplasm.
• The micropropagation method produces plants free of diseases. 
• Proliferation of in vitro stocks can be done at any time of the year. Also, a nursery can produce fruit, ornamental, and tree species throughout the year.
• Fast international exchange of plant material without the risk of disease introduction is provided. The time required for quarantine is lessened by this method.

 

 

 

5 Recently, Reproductive Ratio seen in news, its value depends upon:  

1. The number of days an infected person remains infectious 
2. The number of susceptible persons available to infect 
3. The chance that a susceptible person gets infected

Select the correct answer code: 

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 only
4. All of the above

Answer: – D

Reproductive Ratio (R0)

It tells the average number of people who will catch the disease from one contagious person.

It is the product of three numbers:

• The number of days an infected person remains infectious (that is, can infect others).
• The number of susceptible persons available to infect.
• The chance that a susceptible person gets infected.