SCIENCE AND TECH(5 MCQs)
1. Gold nanoparticles are considered as promising candidates for skin immunization and other therapeutic uses. They can be synthesized by using:
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Algae
- Plant
Select the correct answer code:
- 1 and 2 only
- 1,2 and 3 only
- 3 and 4 only
- All of the above
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Consider the following statements regarding somatic gene editing therapy :
- It involve modifying a patient’s DNA to cure a disease caused by a genetic mutation
- The edited gene is passed on to the future generation.
- Defective blood cells can be treated by using this technique
Select the correct answer code:
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- All of the above
3. Which among the following is/are gene editing technologies:
- CRISPR Cas 9
- TALEN
- Meganucleases
- SHANEL
Select the correct answer code:
- 1,2 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 2,3 and 4 only
- 1 and 4 only
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Micropropagation, recently seen in news, is more specifically related to:
- Tissue culture
- Three parent baby
- Gene editing
- Animal Clonning
5 Recently reproductive Ratio seen in news, its value depends upon:
- The number of days an infected person remains infectious
- The number of susceptible persons available to infect
- The chance that a susceptible person gets infected
Select the correct answer code:
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 only
- All of the above
1. Gold nanoparticles are considered as promising candidates for skin immunization and other therapeutic uses. They can be synthesized by using:
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Algae
- Plant
Select the correct answer code:
- 1 and 2 only
- 1, 2 and 3 only
- 3 and 4 only
- All of the above
Answer: – D
Gold nanoparticles
- Gold nanoparticles are made up of metallic gold atoms to create a crystal structure of 1-100 nm.
- Gold nanoparticles have been produced in the laboratory for several decades, and many approaches have since been developed.
Methods
- Chemical method
- Physical method
- Biological method
- Bacteria
- Algae
- Fungi or plants
are used to reduce gold to its metallic state through various biological processes.
APPLICATIONS
The range of applications for gold nanoparticles is growing rapidly and includes:
- Electronics – Gold nanoparticles are designed for use as conductors from printable inks to electronic chips.
- Photodynamic Therapy – Near-IR absorbing gold nanoparticles (including gold nanoshells and nanorods) produce heat when excited by light at wavelengths from 700 to 800 nm. This enables these nanoparticles to eradicate targeted tumors.
- Therapeutic Agent Delivery – Therapeutic agents can also be coated onto the surface of gold nanoparticles.
More APPLICATIONS:
- Sensors – Gold nanoparticles are used in a variety of sensors. For example, a colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles can identify if foods are suitable for consumption.
- Diagnostics – Gold nanoparticles are also used to detect biomarkers in the diagnosis of heart diseases, cancers, and infectious agents.
- Catalysis – Gold nanoparticles are used as catalysts in a number of chemical reactions.
2. Consider the following statements regarding somatic gene editing therapy :
- It involves modifying a patient’s DNA to cure a disease caused by a genetic mutation
- The edited gene is passed on to the future generation.
- Defective blood cells can be treated by using this technique
Select the correct answer code:
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- All of the above
Answer: – C
Somatic Gene Therapy:
- Somatic gene therapies involve modifying a patient’s DNA to treat or cure a disease caused by a genetic mutation.
- In one clinical trial, for example:
- Scientists take blood stem cells from a patient
- Use CRISPR techniques to correct the genetic mutation causing them to produce defective blood cells
- Infuse the “corrected” cells back into the patient, where they produce healthy hemoglobin.
- The treatment changes the patient’s blood cells, but not his or her sperm or eggs.
Germline Human Genome Editing:
- Germline human genome editing, on the other hand, alters the genome of a human embryo at its earliest stages.
- This may affect every cell, which means it has an impact not only on the person who may result, but possibly on his or her descendants.
- There are, therefore, substantial restrictions on its use.
3. Which among the following is/are gene editing technologies:
- CRISPR Cas 9
- TALEN
- Meganucleases
- SHANEL
Select the correct answer code:
- 1, 2 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 2, 3 and 4 only
- 1 and 4 only
Answer: -A
Gene editing technologies
- CRISPR- CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)
Other (Just names)
- Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)
- Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs)
- Homing endonucleases or meganucleases.
CRISPR-Cas9
- Crispr– scan the genome looking for right location.
- Then Cas9 protein(enzyme) acts as molecular scissor.