Amrit Dharohar Scheme: A Conservation Initiative for Prelims

The Amrit Dharohar Scheme is a forward-thinking initiative introduced by the Government of India to prioritize the conservation and sustainable management of wetlands. Wetlands are critical ecosystems that provide essential services, such as water purification, flood control, biodiversity support, and livelihood opportunities. For UPSC aspirants, the Amrit Dharohar Scheme holds significance due to its relevance in environment and ecology, sustainable development, and current affairs, making it an important topic for both Prelims and Mains.

What is the Amrit Dharohar Scheme?

The Amrit Dharohar Scheme, launched in June 2023, focuses on promoting the sustainable use and conservation of wetlands across India. Recognizing the ecological, social, and economic importance of wetlands, this scheme aligns with India’s commitments under global frameworks such as the Ramsar Convention and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Key Objectives:

Conservation and Restoration: Ensure the ecological integrity and biodiversity of wetlands.
Community Participation: Engage local communities in the sustainable use of wetlands.
Livelihood Generation: Promote eco-tourism, sustainable agriculture, and aquaculture to benefit local populations.
Climate Mitigation: Enhance the role of wetlands in carbon sequestration and climate resilience.

Relevance of the Amrit Dharohar Scheme in Prelims

Focus on Wetland Conservation:
- India has 75 Ramsar Sites, covering over 13 lakh hectares, and this scheme aims to ensure their effective management.
- Key wetlands include Chilika Lake, Keoladeo National Park, and Sundarbans.
Alignment with Global Commitments:
- Reinforces India’s role under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
- Contributes to SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Biodiversity Hotspots:
- Wetlands host diverse flora and fauna, including endangered species like the Siberian crane and Gangetic dolphin.
Sustainable Development Goals:
- Wetlands play a pivotal role in ensuring clean water, food security, and climate adaptation, all of which are integral to the SDGs.

Features of the Amrit Dharohar Scheme

Scientific Management:
- Focuses on developing scientific frameworks for wetland conservation, including regular monitoring and assessment.
Community-Based Approach:
- Empowers local communities by integrating traditional knowledge with modern conservation practices.
Multi-Stakeholder Engagement:
- Collaborates with state governments, NGOs, and research institutions.
Funding and Support:
- Provides financial assistance for restoration, research, and capacity building.
Technology Integration:
- Employs tools like GIS mapping and remote sensing for real-time monitoring of wetlands.

Importance of Wetlands in Conservation and Development

Ecological Importance:

Act as natural water purifiers by filtering pollutants.
Provide habitats for aquatic and terrestrial species.
Function as carbon sinks, aiding in climate change mitigation.

Economic and Social Importance:

Support livelihoods through fishing, farming, and tourism.
Help in groundwater recharge and flood management.

Cultural Importance:

Wetlands like Loktak Lake in Manipur are deeply intertwined with local traditions and folklore.

Challenges in Wetland Conservation

Encroachment and Urbanization:
- Rapid urban expansion leads to the degradation and loss of wetlands.
Pollution:
- Industrial discharge and agricultural runoff contaminate wetland ecosystems.
Climate Change:
- Rising temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns disrupt wetland dynamics.
Lack of Awareness:
- Limited understanding of the importance of wetlands among local populations.
Inadequate Policy Implementation:
- Poor enforcement of conservation laws and policies hampers effective management.

Role of Amrit Dharohar Scheme in Overcoming Challenges

Community Involvement:
- Engaging local stakeholders ensures the sustainable use of wetlands and reduces dependency on harmful practices.
Policy Frameworks:
- Strengthening legal protections and promoting integrated management strategies.
Restoration Projects:
- Allocating funds for the restoration of degraded wetlands ensures their long-term viability.
Awareness Campaigns:
- Educating communities about the ecological and economic benefits of wetlands.

Study Resources for Amrit Dharohar Scheme

Inbound Links:

Outbound Links:

How to Prepare Amrit Dharohar Scheme for Exams

Prelims:

Memorize the scheme’s launch date, objectives, and key features.
Focus on India’s Ramsar Sites and their significance.

Mains:

Discuss the scheme under topics like climate resilience, biodiversity conservation, and community engagement.
Use examples to highlight the role of wetlands in India’s development narrative.

Essay Writing:

Themes like “Balancing Development with Conservation” or “The Role of Wetlands in Sustainable Development” can be enriched with insights from the Amrit Dharohar Scheme.

Success Stories

Chilika Lake Restoration:
- Successful efforts in restoring Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon highlight the potential of community-driven conservation.
Mangalajodi Eco-Tourism Project:
- Community initiatives in Odisha transformed a poacher’s haven into a thriving eco-tourism destination.
Loktak Lake:
- Conservation programs have enhanced livelihoods while preserving the ecological integrity of the lake.

Conclusion

The Amrit Dharohar Scheme is a testament to India’s commitment to sustainable development and environmental conservation. By focusing on the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of wetlands, the scheme not only safeguards these critical ecosystems but also empowers local communities. For UPSC aspirants, the scheme is a rich topic to explore for its multidimensional impact, making it a key element of environmental governance and policy analysis. Leverage resources like Sleepy Classes and official government portals to deepen your understanding and ace your preparation.

Amrit Dharohar Scheme: A Conservation Initiative for Prelims