Indian Geography
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- Natural Vegetation & Wildlife- Characteristics, importance, comparison & Significance
- Classification of natural vegetation in India
- Mangroves vegetation in India
- Distribution of Forest Area
- Factors of forest development
- Extent of forest cover
- Classification of forests in India
- Forest Problems in India
- Rainfall distribution
- Biosphere reserves, national parks, etc.
- Red-listed species
- Mineral & Industries
- Mineral distribution, Industrial policies, mining regions and Location
- Mineral Resource
- Types of minerals: Metallic minerals & Non-metallic mineral
- Distribution, production and international trade of Metallic minerals: Ferrous metals: Iron ore
- Non-metallic Minerals – Sulphur, Phosphates, Cement
- – Characteristics, comparison & Significance
- River basins
- Regional development and planning
- Hydropower projects and major dams
- Interlinking of rivers
- Classification of Drainage
- Himalayan Drainage
- Indus river system
- Indus drainage system
- Ganga River System
- Brahmaputra river system
- Peninsular River System
- East flowing Rivers
- West flowing Rivers
- Mains Rivers and their tributaries
- Famous cities and river banks
- The basic idea about India
- Location, Latitude, Longitude, Time zone, Local and Standard Time and the International Date Line, Calendar etc.
- Neighbours of India
- Important straits in India
- Indian States and their position
- States of India with their international boundaries
- Physical features of India
- Physiographic Sub-Units – Himalayans, Classification of The Himalayan System, Regional Division of the Himalayas.
- Great Plains of India And Their Physiographic Division – Geological formation, physiographic divisions, climate, vegetation, soil, biodiversity, significance
- Peninsular Plateau – Geological formation, Central Highlands, Deccan Plateau, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats
- Thar Desert – Indian Desert
- Coastal Plain
- The Islands
- Mountain System
- Climate in India
- Factors influencing the climate of India
- Monsoon
- Mechanism of the Monsoon
- Classical Theory
- Jet stream theory
- Modern theory
- Air mass theory
- Seasonal rhythm
- Koppen’s Climatic classification
- EL Nino and La Nina
- Indian Droughts
- Floods and their distribution in India
- Agriculture & Allied-characteristics & Problems
- Land utilisation
- Agricultural Revolution in India
- Subsistence Agriculture
- Primitive Subsistence Agriculture
- Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
- Planation Agriculture
- Mediterranean Agriculture
- Viticulture in India
- Market Gardening and Horticulture – Truck Farming
- Cooperative Farming
- Collective Farming
- Green revolution
- Classification of Soil in India
- Irrigation
- Land reforms
- Animal husbandry
- Major Crops in India
- Government schemes
- Economic infrastructure
- Power and energy sector
- Distribution of potential hydro-power
- Hydro-electric power generation in India
- Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
- Energy conservation
- Natural Energy Resources
- General trends of energy production and consumption
- Reserves and sources of energy
- Classification of energy
- Production of conventional energy
- Transportation – Relative importance of means of transport: Railways, Roads, Pipeline, Oceans, Air transport
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Physical Geography
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- Climatic Zones of the World
- Koppen’s Classification Climatic Zones
- The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate
- The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine Climates
- The Savanna or Sudan Climate
- The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert Climates
- The Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate
- The Temperate Continental
- The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin
- The Cool Temperate Western Margin
- The Cool Temperate Continental Climate
- The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin Climate
- The Arctic or Polar Climate
- Interior Structure of the Earth
- Crust
- Mantle
- Core
- Sources of Information – Direct and Indirect
- Earth Quake Waves
- Volcanoes
- Theories – Suess Theory
- The basic idea about Earth
- Universe – Theories of development of Universe
- Galaxy – Star and planet formation
- Solar system
- Moon
- Asteroid
- Meteor
- Kupier belt
- Comets
- Dwarf planets
- Earth Evolution
- Geological History of Earth
- Evolution of the Earth Layered Structure – Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
- Geomorphology
- Geology and Rock system
- Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust
- Earth’s Surface – Exogenic Forces and Endogenic Forces
- Mass Movements of landforms, erosion & deposits
- Erosional landforms – Pediments, Pediplains, Playas, Deflation Hollows and Caves
- Depositional Landforms – Barchans, Seif, Parabolic, Transverse
- Ground Water (Karst Topography)
- Permeable Rocks
- Percolation
- Bedding Plains
- Climatology
- Atmosphere
- Inversion of Temperature
- Winds and Pressure belts
- Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
- Insolation
- Heat Budget of the Earth
- Heat Balance
- Heating and cooling of atmosphere – Conduction, Convection and Advection
- Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Stream
- Thunderstorms
- Oceanography
- Hydrosphere
- Water on the Surface of the Earth
- Hydrological Cycle
- Component
- Processes
- Ocean Currents
- Ocean Waves
- Types of Ocean Currents of the world – Warm and cold currents
- Mapping
- Important places in news, biosphere reserves, climatic zones, soils, grasslands etc.
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