Question
Q 73. The term ‘ACE2’ is talked about in the context of
a) Genes introduced in the genetically modified plants
b) Development of India’s own satellite navigation system
c) Radio collars for wildlife tracking
d) Spread of viral diseases
Answer: D
Detailed Explanation
- ACE2 has gained attention due to its role in the transmission of viral diseases, particularly COVID-19.
- It has been identified as the cellular receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, facilitating its entry into human cells.
- ACE2 is anchored to the membranes of cells located in multiple organs, including the intestines, kidneys, testis, gallbladder, and heart. Hence, Option D is correct.
Extra
- Function of ACE2:
- ACE2 is a membrane-bound enzyme that regulates blood pressure by counteracting the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
- While ACE raises blood pressure, ACE2 lowers it, maintaining cardiovascular balance.
- ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection:
- The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, similar to how a key fits into a lock.
- This interaction allows the virus to enter and infect human cells, particularly in the lungs and other vital organs.
- Once inside, the virus can disrupt ACE/ACE2 balance, often leading to inflammation and lung damage.
- Biological Role:
- ACE2 acts on angiotensinogen-derived proteins, cutting them into smaller peptides that help regulate blood flow, inflammation, and cellular activity.
