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Q44. Consider the following events in the history of India:

1. Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja

2. Establishment of Pallava power under Mahendravarman — I

3. Establishment of Chola power by Parantaka — I

4. Pala dynasty founded by Gopala

What is the correct chronological order of the above events, starting from the earliest time?

a. 2—1—4—3

b. 3—1—4—2

c. 2—4—1—3

d. 3—4—1—2

Answer: C

• The Gurjara Pratihara dynasty was founded by Nagabhatta I in the region of Malwa in the 8th century AD. He belonged to a Rajput clan. Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty ruled much of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century. The Pratiharas, derived their name from the Sanskrit meaning doorkeeper, are seen as a tribal group or a clan of the Gurjaras. The greatest ruler of the Pratihara dynasty was Mihir Bhoja (836–885 CE). He recovered Kannauj (Kanyakubja) by 836 A.D, and it remained the capital of the Pratiharas for almost a century.
• The Pallavas were a powerful ancient dynasty that ruled a huge part of Southern India, including present day Tamil Nadu with Kanchipuram as their capital. The Pallavas reached their zenith during the reign of Mahendravarman I (c. 600–630), a contemporary of Harsha and Pulakeshin II.
• The Cholas became prominent in the ninth century and established an empire comprising the major portion of South India. Their capital was Tanjore. The Chola ruler Parantaka succeeded his father Aditya I(Aditya I or Aditya Chola, the son of Vijayalaya Chola, is the second ruler of the Medieval Cholas) on the throne in 907 and ruled for forty – eight years. Soon after his accession, as early as 910, he invaded the Pandyan country and assumed the title Maduraikonda (‘Capturer of Madura’).
• The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the post -classical period (8th and 9th century AD) which originated in the Bengal region. The empire was founded with the election of Gopala as the emperor of Gauda in 750 CE .
• Hence the correct sequence is 2 – 4 – 1 – 3.

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